Piv nrog rau cov khoom noj tsiaj, cov xim ntawm txhua yam zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem muaj xim thiab zoo nkauj. Cov xim ntsuab ntsuab ntawm zaub paj, xim liab ntawm eggplant, xim daj ntawm carrots, thiab xim liab ntawm peppers - vim li cas cov zaub no txawv? Dab tsi txiav txim siab cov xim no?

Phytochromes yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob hom xim molecules: dej-soluble cytosolic pigments thiab lipid-soluble chloroplast pigments. Piv txwv ntawm yav dhau los muaj xws li anthocyanins, flavonoids uas muab xim rau paj; Rau yav tas los, carotenoids, luteins thiab chlorophylls muaj ntau. Cov dej-soluble pigments yog soluble hauv ethanol nrog rau cov dej tsis tu ncua tab sis insoluble hauv lwm cov organic tebchaw xws li ether thiab chloroform. Cov roj-soluble pigments yog nyuaj rau yaj nyob rau hauv methanol, tab sis yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv siab concentrations ntawm ethanol thiab lwm yam organic solvents. Thaum raug lead acetate reagent, dej-soluble pigments yuav precipitate thiab yuav adsorbed los ntawm activated carbon; cov xim kuj tseem yuav hloov raws li pH.

1. Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll yog dav pom nyob rau hauv nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab algae ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag chloroplasts, uas muaj nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog cov proteins nyob rau hauv cov kab mob.

Chlorophyll yog cov ntshav tonic, txhawb hematopoiesis, activates hlwb, antibacterial thiab anti-inflammatory teebmeem, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias chlorophyll muaj cov nyhuv ntawm inhibiting zus tau tej cov ai hlwb.

Cov khoom noj uas muaj chlorophyll muaj xws li: zaub qhwv, zaub qhwv, zaub qhwv, zaub qhwv, zaub qhwv, zaub qhwv, thiab lwm yam.

Chlorophyll dominates xim ntsuab, ib pab pawg neeg paub cov xim uas muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua hom nroj tsuag. Qee tus yuav xav tsis thoob, ua li cas txog carrots? Yuav ua li cas hais txog cov khoom xyaw uas nws cov tsos thiab xim tsis sib xws ntsuab txhua? Qhov tseeb, carrots kuj muaj chlorophyll, uas tsis yog qis, tab sis "ntsuab" yog them los ntawm "daj thiab txiv kab ntxwv".

2.Carotenoid

Carotenoids yog ib lo lus dav dav rau ntau yam isomers ntawm carotenoids thiab lawv cov derivatives pom hauv cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog ib pawg ntawm cov xim muaj xim uas pom dav hauv qhov xwm txheej, thiab tau pom thawj zaug hauv carrots, yog li lub npe carotenoids.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev noj ntau dua ntawm tib neeg carotenoids tuaj yeem txo cov hnub nyoog ntsig txog cov kab mob prostate thiab hnub nyoog ntsig txog retinal macular degeneration. Yog li, ntuj carotenoids tau pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Health rau kev siv los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob noj qab haus huv. Cov carotenoids sib txawv muaj cov qauv molecular sib txawv, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntau tshaj 600 carotenoids tau pom.

Cov zaub mov muaj carotenoids: carrots, taub dag, txiv lws suav, citrus, pob kws, thiab lwm yam.

3. Flavonoid

Flavonoid pigments, tseem hu ua anthocyanins, kuj yog dej-soluble pigments. Los ntawm cov qauv tshuaj, nws yog dej-soluble phenolic khoom. Nws dav muaj nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj cog, nrog rau ntau yam derivatives, thiab ntau txhiab hom tau pom. Flavonoids tsis tshua pom muaj nyob hauv qhov zoo li monomers. Ntau hom flavonoids muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm ntau tsev neeg, kev txiav txim, genus, thiab hom; nyob rau hauv cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag xws li tawv ntoo, hauv paus, thiab paj, muaj cov flavonoids sib txawv. Ze li ntawm 400 ntau yam tau tshawb pom txog tam sim no, uas tsis muaj xim, lub teeb daj lossis ci txiv kab ntxwv, thiab lawv cov xim cuam tshuam los ntawm pH.

Raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus xim, anthoxanthin muaj kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, nplua nuj nyob hauv cov peev txheej, thiab muaj qee yam khoom noj khoom haus thiab tshuaj noj. Nws muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo hauv zaub mov, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab tshuaj.

Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau pom tias flavonoids muaj kev tiv thaiv oxidation, tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, tiv thaiv lipid peroxidation kev ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv kab mob plawv, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplej nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj cog yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv flavonoid pigments.

Cov khoom noj uas muaj flavonoid pigments: kua txob qab zib, celery, dos liab, tshuaj yej ntsuab, citrus, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, buckwheat, thiab lwm yam.

4.Anthocyanin

Anthocyanins: Vim lawv qhov tseem ceeb "kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv oxidant", anthocyanins tau paub zoo thiab lees tias yog "gimmick" los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab. Ntau tshaj 300 hom anthocyanins tau raug txheeb xyuas, suav nrog xiav, ntshav, liab thiab txiv kab ntxwv. Cov pigments no yog dej-soluble. Anthocyanins tuaj yeem pom cov xim sib txawv thaum pH hloov. Koj yuav tsum muaj kev paub zoo sib xws thaum ua zaub qhwv (liab) hauv dej.

Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm anthocyanins tsis ruaj khov heev, thiab cov xim yuav hloov tau zoo nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm pH, uas yog xim liab hauv qab 7, ntshav ntawm 8.5, violet-xiav ntawm 11, thiab daj, txiv kab ntxwv lossis xim av ntawm ntau tshaj 11. Oxygen. , lub teeb lossis kub kub tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom noj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus anthocyanin siab rau hauv xim av. Ntxiv mus, discoloration los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog hlau yuav tsum zam kom ntau li ntau tau thaum ua lawv.

Proanthocyanidins muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov dawb radicals hauv lub cev, muaj zog antioxidant kev ua haujlwm, thiab tuaj yeem tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav.

Cov khoom noj uas muaj anthocyanins: ntshav qos yaj ywm, mov dub, ntshav pob kws, ntshav kale, eggplant, perilla, carrots, beets, thiab lwm yam.

Nrog cov neeg tawm tswv yim ntuj, nrhiav kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb ua ntej kev xav txog kev puas siab puas ntsws, nrog rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev nkag mus rau hauv WTO ntsib cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim tau sai dua, raws li kev txheeb cais, los ntawm 1971 txog 1981 lub ntiaj teb. luam tawm 126 patents rau xim zaub mov, ntawm 87.5% yog cov khoom noj khoom haus ntuj.

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg, kev siv cov xim ntuj xim tau maj mam dhau los ua nrov hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab cov tswv yim siv tau maj mam txhim kho, ua cov pigments ntuj yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej zoo nkauj.

Peb lub hom phiaj kev lag luam yog "Ua kom lub ntiaj teb zoo siab dua thiab noj qab nyob zoo".

Yog xav paub ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo, koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj peb thaum lub sij hawm ntsaum !!

Tau qhov twg los: https://www.zhihu.com/