RutinCov tshuaj formula yog (C27H30O16•3H2O), vitamin, muaj cov nyhuv ntawm txo capillary permeability thiab brittleness, tswj thiab restore lub elasticity ntawm capillaries. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage; Ntshav qab zib retinal hemorrhage thiab hemorrhagic purpura kuj yog siv los ua zaub mov antioxidants thiab pigments.

Nws muab faib ua plaub yam hauv qab no:

1. Rutin NF 11: daj-ntsuab hmoov, los yog zoo heev acicular crystal; Tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, tsw qab; Xim darkens hauv huab cua; Kub rau 185-192 ℃, nws dhau los ua lub cev xim av gelatinous thiab decomposes ntawm 215 ℃. Me ntsis soluble hauv boiling ethanol, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv boiling dej, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej txias, yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv isopropyl cawv thiab methanol, insoluble nyob rau hauv trichloromethane, ether thiab benzene; Soluble nyob rau hauv alkali hydroxide kua. Cov txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas yog A: hydrochloric acid reflux hydrolysis rau quercetin, nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog 312 ℃ B: liab cuprous oxide nag lossis daus. C: Ntxiv cov tshuaj sodium hydroxide yog txiv kab ntxwv daj D: ethanol tov thiab ferric chloride tov yog ntsuab xim av E: ethanol tov nrog hydrochloric acid thiab magnesium maj liab cov ntsiab lus: ≥95.0% (UV) (los ntawm cov khoom qhuav)

qhuav poob: 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Hlawv residue ≤0.5%

Chlorophyll ≤0.004%

Cov xim liab ≤0.004%

Yam khoom quercetin ≤5.0% (UV)

Tag nrho cov kab mob aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Tag nrho cov pwm thiab cov poov xab ≤102cfu / g

Escherichia coli yuav tsis raug kuaj pom / g

Cia tej yam kev mob Khaws rau hauv lub thawv airtight kom deb ntawm lub teeb.

2. Rutoside Trihydrate EP 9.0: daj los yog daj-ntsuab hmoov. Yuav luag insoluble hauv dej, soluble hauv methanol, me ntsis soluble hauv ethanol (96%), yuav luag insoluble hauv methylene chloride. Soluble nyob rau hauv hydroxide tov. Cov txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas yog raws li hauv qab no: A: Qhov siab tshaj plaws nqus ntawm 257nm thiab 358nm, thiab qhov siab tshaj qhov nqus coefficient ntawm 358nm yog 305 ~ 330. B: Cov qauv nqus infrared yuav tsum ua raws li cov khoom siv C: Cov pob ntawm tib xim thiab Qhov loj me yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm chromatogram ntawm cov khoom siv D: ethanol tov nrog hydrochloric acid thiab zinc yuav pom liab

Cov ntsiab lus 95.0% ~ 101.0% (los ntawm cov khoom qhuav) (titration)

Moisture 7.5% ~ 9.5% (Cartesian)

Hlawv residue ≤0.1%

Qhov siab tshaj plaws lub teeb nqus tus nqi ntawm optical impurities ntawm 450nm txog 800nm ​​yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.10

Insoluble teeb meem hauv methanol ≤3.0%

Lwm yam tshuaj isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, tag nrho impurity ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Tag nrho cov kab mob aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Tag nrho cov pwm thiab cov poov xab ≤102cfu / g

Cov kab mob gram-negative ≤102cfu/g

Escherichia coli yuav tsis raug kuaj pom / g

Tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom tus kab mob Salmonella / 25g

Cov xwm txheej khaws cia kom deb ntawm lub teeb

3. Rutin USP43: Cov txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas yog A: qhov siab tshaj plaws nqus ntawm 257nm thiab 358nm, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws nqus coefficient ntawm 358nm yog 305 ~ 33. B: Lub infrared absorption spectra yuav tsum ua raws li cov chromatogram ntawm cov khoom siv. C: Lub sijhawm khaws cia ntawm chromatogram ncov yuav tsum ua raws li cov khoom siv

Cov ntsiab lus 95.0% ~ 101.0% (los ntawm cov khoom qhuav) (titration)

Moisture 7.5% ~ 9.5% (Cartesian)

Hlawv residue ≤0.1%

Qhov siab tshaj plaws lub teeb nqus tus nqi ntawm optical impurities ntawm 450nm txog 800nm ​​yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.10

Insoluble teeb meem hauv methanol ≤3.0%

Cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, lwm yam mono-txhua yam ≤1.0%, tag nrho impurity ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Tag nrho cov kab mob aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Tag nrho cov pwm thiab cov poov xab ≤103cfu / g

Tsis txhob kuaj pom Escherichia coli / 10g

Salmonella yuav tsum tsis txhob kuaj / 10g

Cia qhov xwm txheej kaw thiab khaws cia kom deb ntawm lub teeb.

4. Ministry standard WS1-49(B)-89 ntawm Rutinum: daj los yog daj-ntsuab hmoov, los yog zoo heev acicular crystal; Tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, tsw qab; Xim darkens hauv huab cua; Kub rau 185 ~ 192 ℃ kom dhau los ua xim av gel. Me ntsis soluble hauv boiling ethanol, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv boiling dej, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej txias, insoluble nyob rau hauv trichloromethane thiab ether; Soluble nyob rau hauv alkali hydroxide kua. Txoj kev txheeb xyuas yog: A: liab cuprous oxide precipitate. B: Tus qauv nqus infrared yuav tsum ua raws li cov khoom tswj. C: Qhov siab tshaj plaws nqus tau pom ntawm lub wavelengths ntawm 259 ± 1nm thiab 362.5 ± 1nm.

Cov ntsiab lus ≥93.0% (UV) (los ntawm cov khoom qhuav)

qhuav poob 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Hlawv residue ≤0.3%

Insoluble teeb meem hauv methanol ≤2.5% (insoluble teeb meem hauv ethanol)

Yam khoom quercetin ≤4.0% (thin txheej)

Tag nrho cov kab mob aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Tag nrho cov pwm thiab cov poov xab ≤102cfu / g

Escherichia coli yuav tsis raug kuaj pom / g

Salmonella yuav tsis raug kuaj / g

Cia qhov xwm txheej kaw thiab khaws cia kom deb ntawm lub teeb.

Pharmacological nyhuv:

Antifree radical kev ua

Oxygen molecules raug txo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib qho electrons hauv cell metabolism, thiab O ions tsim los ntawm kev txo cov pa molecules nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug electrons yuav ces tsim H2O2 thiab heev toxic · OH dawb radicals nyob rau hauv lub cev, yog li cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. smoothness thiab txawm accelerating daim tawv nqaij laus. Ntxiv mus, ntxiv rutin rau cov khoom tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen reactive uas tsim los ntawm cov hlwb. Rutin yog ib qho flavonoid compound, uas yog lub zog antioxidant rau kev tshem tawm cov dawb radicals. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov dawb radicals, inhibit peroxidation ntawm polyunsaturated fatty acids ntawm biofilms, tshem tawm lipid peroxidation cov khoom, tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees ntawm biofilms thiab subcellular qauv, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev. [2]

Anti-lipid peroxidation

Lipid peroxidation yog hais txog cov txheej txheem oxidation tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive tawm tsam polyunsaturated fatty acids hauv biofilms. Zhu Jianlin et al. Kev txiav txim siab thiab tshuaj xyuas SOD kev ua haujlwm hauv nas, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dawb radical lipid peroxidation khoom MDA, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lipofuscin hauv daim siab loj, thiab pom tias rutin muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm lipid peroxidation hauv cov nas tsuag, thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov poob ntawm antioxidant muaj peev xwm. ntawm cov kab mob antioxidant hauv nas tom qab castrated. Rutin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov kev poob qis ntawm lub peev xwm antioxidant tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntawm endogenous estrogen thiab muaj cov nyhuv antioxidant. High density lipoprotein (HDL) muaj kev tiv thaiv atherosclerotic. Txawm li cas los xij, HDL, zoo li tsawg ntom lipoprotein (LDL) thiab tsawg ntom lipoprotein (VLDL), kuj tuaj yeem oxidized thiab hloov hauv vitro. Thaum HDL yog oxidized thiab hloov mus rau Ox-HDL, nws muaj cov nyhuv ntawm atherosclerosis. Meng Fang et al. tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm rutin ntawm HDL oxidative hloov kho los ntawm Cu2+ mediated oxidative hloov hauv vitro. Xaus Rutin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev hloov pauv oxidative ntawm HDL. [2]

Antagonistic nyhuv ntawm platelet activating yam

Lub pathogenesis ntawm ntau cov kab mob plawv thiab cerebrovascular, xws li thrombosis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ischemia-reperfusion dawb radical raug mob, yog ze ze rau kev sib kho ntawm plateletactivatingfactor (PAF). Yog li, antagonizing cov nyhuv ntawm PAF yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txo cov kab mob ischemic plawv thiab cerebrovascular. Kev sim tau pom tias rutin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tshwj xeeb khi ntawm PAF rau luav platelet membrane receptors concentration-dependent, inhibit PAf-mediated platelet adhesion nyob rau hauv luav thiab qhov nce ntawm dawb Ca2 + concentration hauv PMNs, qhia tias lub mechanism ntawm rutin's anti-PAF kev txiav txim yog inhibit qhov ua kom ntawm PAF receptor, thiab tom qab ntawd thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm PAF, thiaj li ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob plawv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias rutin yog PAF receptor antagonist. [2]

Anti-mob pancreatitis

Rutin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hypocalcemia thiab txo Ca2 + concentration hauv cov ntaub so ntswg pancreatic. Nws tau pom tias rutin tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hauv cov ntaub so ntswg pancreatic ntawm nas, qhia tias rutin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev tso tawm thiab ua kom PLA2 hauv cov ntaub so ntswg pancreatic. Rutin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hypocalcemia hauv AP nas, tej zaum los ntawm kev tiv thaiv Ca2+ influx thiab txo Ca2+ overload nyob rau hauv pancreatic ntaub so ntswg hlwb, yog li txo cov pathophysiological puas rau AP. [2]

Tau qhov twg los: https://mp.weixin.qq.com

https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper

Rau rutin, thov hu rau peb. Peb tos koj ntawm no txhua lub sijhawm.